Review: prognostic models for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which we want to ideally estimate using a prediction model, combining clinical and laboratory characteristics. In this review we aim to give an overview of CVD prognostic studies available, and their methodological quality, specifically for patients with CKD. A large quantity of prognostic studies has been published, yet their usefulness remains unclear due to incomplete presentation, and lack of external validation of prognostic models. Our review can be used to select the most appropriate prognostic model depending on the patient population, outcome, and risk of bias. Smit LC, Bots ML, et al., Verhaar MC, Vernooij RWM. One heartbeat away from a prediction model for cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Cardiorenal Med. 2023 Feb 20.